Biological inheritance is the process by which children received the characteristics of its parental cell or organism. Through inheritance, variations exhibited by individuals can accumulate and causes a species to evolve. From the beginning of the earth to today’s modern world was built through evolution over millions of years. Evolution is the process of change in the heritable characteristics of the biological population over successive generations. Evolution gives the individual to overcome the effects of natural selection or other environmental factors. Natural selection selects the best trait for nature which can survive through environmental factors.
The study of biological inheritance is called genetic. The study of genetic contains the study of the gene. A gene is a segment of DNA that is passed down from parents to children and gives trait to the offspring. DNA is the chemical basis of heredity which controls the protein of an organism. Change is the DNA sequence affects the formation and appearance of genes, the basic units of inheritance. DNA sequence which known as gene gives the basic idea of an evolutionary trait. If the DNA and gene of different species look alike, it can be assumed that they share the same ancestors.
Evolution is a long time process. It occurs due to mutation, natural selection, or gene drift. Evolution is based on the idea that all species are related and gradually change over time due to the pressure of natural selection. The life originated in the earth from non-living matter, such as simple organic compound. From those simple organic compounds, today’s earth form by the process of evolution and the evolution will continue till life exists on earth. All the mammals show the common characteristic and so are other classes’ species.
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The study of marine species shows the evolutionary trait because of all the life on land evolved from the marine. So when the first animals moved onto land, they had to change their fins to limbs and their gills to lungs for the better adaptation to their new terrestrial environment. The earliest fish fin shows limb like structure same as the human hand. To overcome the effects of an environmental factor all the species on land need tetrapod limb. All the species on land like reptile, bird, mammals shows tetrapod limb.
The tetrapods’ move to land has long been one of the great evolutionary puzzles. The only recognized physical evidence of evolution from water to land is fossil bones. Furthermore, the fossil evidence that we have is rarely a complete skeleton. Most often it consists of bone fragments that have to be assembled. After marine life evolved to become terrestrial, the evolutionists assume that terrestrial animals evolved again to become marine life, such as the cetaceans including whales. When the researcher looks into the evolutionary trait between whales and the land mammals, they were able to come to a conclusion that the whales were evolved from the land mammals because whales do not swim like a normal fish. Fish swim by flexing their spine from side to side but mammals like Whales, Dolphins swim undulate its spine up and down like the land mammals used their spine while running.
The evolution of human shows another evolutionary puzzle. The researcher found that the gene for a specific function is common for every species such as the gene code for eyes in the rat is the same as the gene code for eyes in flies. Our bodies also build from the genes that build all other animals. Our turning point was begun when our ancestor left the trees and become to walk on two legs and hands was able to carry things over a long distance but it still a mystery that exactly when our ancestor has left the trees and start walking with two legs. Humans are related to the closest relative which known as chimpanzee but we are not evolved from chimpanzee. We are shearing the same ancestor with a chimpanzee.
Conclusively, the core of Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection is the process that occurs over successive generations and is defined as the differential reproductive of genotype. Natural selection requires heritable variation in a given trait and differential survival and reproduction associated with possession of the trait. Examples of natural selection and its evolution well documented both by observation and through the fossil record. Selection acts on the frequency of traits and can take the form of stabilization, directional, or diversifying selection and evolution.
References
- National Center for Biotechnology Information: Genetics and heredity
- University of Utah: Inheritance and genetics
- Khan Academy: Classical genetics
- National Library of Medicine: The role of DNA in inheritance
- National Center for Biotechnology Information: Genetics and evolution
- Biology Dictionary: Heredity and genetic inheritance
- Wikipedia: Evolutionary biology
