According to the Cable News Network (CNN) ‘s article reported by Richard D’Aveni stated that a lot of company can avoid the risks of global supply chain by making most of their product in particular smaller plant in any main market. So the companies are insulated from trade battle because of the delivery cost and currency risks are decreased.
Hence, 3D printing will shortening global value chains and at the same time also will affect the international trade in final products and intermediate products. This is due to most of the product will manufactured at the place of consumption. Thus, the international trade in final products will decreasing. For instance, Adidas is using 3D printing technology at its new Speedfactory in Germany to reduce its supply chains and bring production back from Asia. (Richard D’ Aveni, 2018)
Not only that, primary product and individual products also will be affected because of the regionalization of production has reduced the significance of imported inputs. Therefore, individual parts are no longer import or produced by suppliers from abroad because of the 3D printing technology adopted at the place of production.
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If produce at the place of production using 3D printing technology will save the cost. This is due to the material they used which are imported from abroad will be decreased and shipping costs are excluded and become more flexible because product specific features can be addressed immediately so will save the time as well. (Dr. Thieb Petersen, 2018). For example, Boeing Company employed Norsk Titanium AS to print the first structural titanium part for its 787 Dreamliner jet airliner and using 3D printing technology could save Boeing $2 million to $3 million off in construction costs of each B787 jet it builds. (James Vincent, 2017)
According to the studies that predict that when adopted high-speed 3D printing is inexpensive so may affect the global trade decrease by as much as 25%. This is because 3D printing not required more labor so reduce the needs for imports. (Ziyang Fan; Cristian Rodrigues Chiffelle, 2018) For example, in automotive industry, the main bilateral trade flows will be affected by 3D printing which are exports from Mexico, Japan, Germany and Canada to the United States.
The direction of flows in most of the 3D printing manufacturing will lower United States trade deficits with Mexico, Germany and China which are automotive industry, machines and consumer products, all large suppliers to the United States trade deficit. (Raoul Leering, 2017)
