External Fire Source Factors and Safety of High-rise Building Fires

Analysis of External Fire Source for High-rise Building Fires

High-rise building users have a weak awareness of fire

With the increase of the height of high-rise buildings, the use of high-rise buildings is becoming more and more complicated.Some high-rise buildings are integrated with office and residential buildings, and some are integrated with commercial, office, residential and other functions. Not only the design units are numerous, but also the users are complicated. The complexity of the units and the users has determined the degree of emphasis on the popularity of fire protection knowledge. The knowledge and awareness of fire protection of each user are uneven.

High-rise building construction workers have a weak awareness of fire

During the construction of the high-rise building or during the construction of the attached facility in the later period, due to the different construction backgrounds of receiving education and training, there are some differences in their fire protection awareness.The construction personnel have a weak fire awareness. They don’t care the fire protection during the process of construction,especially when it is constructed outside the high-rise building. They think it is very safe and there is no fire hazard,which reduces the fire protection consciousness, apply no safety protection during construction.

High-rise building construction managers have a weak awareness of fire

High-rise building managers have a weak fire-fighting awareness and lack of awareness and attention of the dangers of fire hazards. They allow flammable and combustible materials to be piled up at random within a safe distance, which makes it easy to form an external source of fire.In the case that the safety distance is obviously insufficient and the high-temperature fireworks star falls on the high-rise building,if the building has no fire barrier or the surface has flammable building materials, it may cause fire.

Make sure your essay is 100% unique

Our experts will write for you an essay on any topic, with any deadline and requirements from scratch

127 our experts are available
right now

Get custom essay

Architectural Environment Reasons

The nature and state of combustible materials within a safe distance

If there are some combustible materials in the high-rise buildings within the safe distance or other situations,the flammable materials may release heat when they are exposed to flames or close to heat sources, so that the temperature will rise.The heat will accumulate and it will cause the materials to burn and form a fire source once the ignition point of flammable substances is reached, which will cause certain fire danger to high-rise buildings within the safe distance of high-rise buildings.

Spacing and status of adjacent buildings in high-rise buildings

The building’s exterior building decoration materials need to require a certain degree of fire resistance and meet a certain safety distance, when the two buildings are adjacent. If two adjacent buildings do not meet the fire safety clearance according to the relevant regulations, once one of the buildings has a fire hazard, due to heat radiation or flame propagation, another building will also form a fire external cause.

External fire source of high-rise building caused by natural factors

In thunderstorms, people or things in higher positions are likely to be struck by lightning. There are so many modern high-rise buildings now. If lightning protection devices are not used or lightning protection devices fail, buildings may be exposed to lightning strikes. Instant high-voltage discharges can cause any combustible materials to burn and become the cause of external fires in high-rise buildings. Of course, modern lightning protection technology is very mature, coupled with a professional lightning protection company, this possibility is minimal.B ut as a research, any possibility should be considered.

Analysis of the Possibility of Fire and the Spread of Fire

From the point of view of combustion, all combustion must meet the three conditions:first, the combustible material; second, the burning materials; third, the ignition source, or the ignition source. To meet these three conditions, combustion can occur. From the analysis of these three conditions, both the general environment of our daily production and life, and the combustion-supporting oxidants meet the requirements of the conditions, then we should study the possibility of fires in high-rise buildings under external fire conditions.

influence of Fire Barrier and Refuge Layer on the Possibility of Fire

The role of the fire barrier is mainly to prevent fire and prevent the fire from spreading when the danger occurs.Fire doors are divided into A、B、C categories according to different requirements and classified into three categories：1.5h，1.0h and0.5h according to fire resistance.Fire doors are just a door.The fire barrier is different from the fire door in that it can be placed on the top or middle of the building. The special flame retardant material has the function of preventing the external fire source from invading or preventing the fire from spreading from top to bottom or from bottom to top.The refuge floor refers to a safe place for people in the building to take refuge when the danger set in the high-rise building occurs.

Public buildings such as hotels, office buildings and complex buildings with a height of more than a meter. Due to the high floor and many people, although there are safe evacuation facilities such as smoke-proof stairwells, it is still difficult for people within the fire to evacuate quickly to the ground. Therefore, it is extremely important for a super high-rise public building to have a safe area on the appropriate floor for evacuation personnel to temporarily escape fire and wheezing.

Influence of Exterior Wall Materials on Fire and Fire Spread of High-rise Buildings

Whether the exterior wall materials of high-rise buildings are flammable or fire-resistant, directly affects the fire and fire resistance of high-rise buildings.The insulation material selected for the outer wall thin plaster external insulation system that is generally promoted in China is made of organic polymer materials.It replaces the traditional poorly insulated concrete and block materials, which is the result of the development of technology.With the increasing use of organic insulation materials, people gradually realize that it has serious fire safety risks.

The biggest advantage of organic insulation materials is light weight, heat preservation and good heat insulation. The biggest defects are fireproof, poor safety, easy to age and easy to burn.When burning, the smoke is thick and the toxicity is high. The load-bearing property, service life and fire resistance of the materials are not as good as inorganic thermal insulation materials.

Impact of Fire Protection Facilities on the Fire of High-rise Buildings

Whether it is an external fire or an internal fire caused by a high-rise building fire, it is very important for the relevant personnel to use the fire-fighting facilities inside the building to extinguish the fire before the fire or before the fire brigade arrives.

The situation of the fire protection facilities inside the building is directly related to whether the relevant personnel in the early stage of the fire can effectively control or even eliminate the fire.If the general fire ladder and the height of the water gun are difficult to reach, even if the fire truck arrives, it can only hope to sigh. At this time, it can only rely on the fire protection facilities inside the building to control the fire. Otherwise, it can only wait for burning out of combustible materials of the building.

At present, fire-fighting equipment for many high-rise buildings does not meet the requirements of relevant standards. Some have set up a fire-fighting system, but they are in a state of paralysis due to poor maintenance. Some have only set up an automatic fire-extinguishing system in the aisle, but not in the office, there is an automatic fire-extinguishing system installed in the main building, but not in the podium. Although the automatic sprinkler system was installed in each part, it failed to work together and could not play a role.

Influence of Other Factors on the Fire of High-rise Buildings and Its Fire Spread

In addition to the above analysis of the high-rise building fire insulation, external wall materials, fire facilities, under the external fire conditions will have a certain impact on the possibility of fire and the spread of fire, there are some factors that have a certain impact on the fire and its spread influences. For example, the level of firefighting skills of high-rise building managers, users, builders, etc., the traffic conditions near high-rise buildings where fires occur, and whether fire trucks can arrive in a short period of time to extinguish fires in case of danger, suppressing fires. Fire spread and fire fighting have a certain impact.

The fire protection awareness of the management personnel of the high-rise building and the use and construction personnel can be:

The generation of external fire sources in high-rise buildings has a certain impact. If a fire occurs, whether it is caused by internal fire or external fire, in the early stage of the fire, self-rescue using the fire-fighting skills of the interior of the building and related personnel is a fire suppression. It is very important to spread and even kill it in the bud. That is to say, high-rise building management personnel and their use and construction personnel must have certain professional fire protection knowledge, pay attention to fire safety, and management personnel are not free to leave their duties. They often provide guidance on common sense training for people in and out of high-rise buildings.

Try to avoid the fact that the management personnel and related personnel have no professional fire-fighting skills, and will not operate the fire-fighting facilities of the building, so that the fire-fighting facilities can not function normally, so that the fire can occur well in self-rescue, and the fire can be suppressed to occur and spread.

With the development of the society, all kinds of office and residential buildings are row upon row, and the building density is getting bigger and bigger. As a result, some buildings will sometimes catch fire. Due to the surrounding traffic, floor space, parking, etc., the fire truck cannot get close to the building and delay the fire.