Realists respond to anarchy by opting into a familiar survival-tactic behavior created by the state. However, in reality it is everyone helping themselves. Consequently, this mindset/plan of action and execution sets in motion, will and sole interests in maximizing power, even if it means causing the downfall of another state. Liberalists first prefer their own survival before aiding another. While that may be true, a Liberalists still want all states to form a systematic approach in dealing with anarchy and the distribution of power . There is the belief that no one state should have more power than the other, being in a constant state of war and conflict.
The democratic peace theory states that: “even in if states are fully democratic, they still can have inter-state conflicts between a few of them.” When there is a strong claim that democracies are peaceful, it does not account for the harm that it tends to produce on the outside or internally. The Kantian triangle includes IGOs, democratic institutions and economic interdependence. The Kantian theory is assumedly an expansion of the liberalism theory .
In Neoliberalism, states may have a similar interest in controlling nuclear weapons, pollution, diseases, etc. However, this does not lead to a resolution between the states, even with lengthy discussion on how these topics should be handled. Even if all actors are having mutual interests, there still might be significant barriers to cooperate . Theorizing is a very important part of International Relations studies as it gives a well-researched and factual explanation of the world. The agent vs. structure theory is an argument about whether people are free agents or whether they are bound by structure formed by the society. This theory assumes that human beings and social structures are theoretically interdependent .
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Offensive Realists recognize that states should maximize power; while on the contrary, Defensive Realists recognize that an appropriate amount of power should be attained by states. Offensive Realists would want China to rise to the same level of power and influence as the USA, for example, and become a hegemon in Asia. Defensive Realists on the other hand, do not approve of seeing China form a successful hegemony. They would instead like to see China co-existing with its neighbors and the USA . A matter of friend and friend, instead of Offensive Realist friend vs. foe approach.
Classical Liberalism is a philosophy, more idealistic, and based on giving more freedom to citizen (the people) and taking control away from the government. It explains the need of people to have economic liberty and the government less control and decision-making powers that may lack the people’s true needs. This philosophy was first introduced by Immanuel Kant. The key assumptions provided by Kant were: a) rational qualities of individuals, b) belief in life’s progress and c) and the belief that humans can still build a harmonious society to live in. It believes in democratic form of governments. Neoliberalism involves states and other international actors both finding ways to achieve cooperation with one another instead of going against each other. This would mean that, states will most likely adjust their behaviors in accordance with the preferences of other actors .
Neoliberalism is a variant of the Liberalism theory and it is built upon the possibilities of a larger good in all human beings working together. Like all variants of Liberalism theory, Neoliberalism also states that greater benefits can be gotten from orderly arrangements of human affairs between all countries.
