Social justice is one of those flexible terms whose definition is not easy. It all starts with the assumption that in a society people must be equal in an institutional and value system that can include more and more people. Subsequently, individual freedoms, endowed with the freedoms given from the government, include civil and political rights – in particular the right to life, freedom of expression and will, and the right to equality before the law – and must therefore be safeguarded. In an ideal democratic and liberal system, constitutional rights should be unlimited, insofar as they do not affect the individual freedom of other citizens, or go against other citizens by people’s actions.
The relevance of domestic law to the fundamental concept of social justice is made evident in texts, with a landmark – already in antiquity – the use of the eminent philosopher, which states: “just as man is superior to all beings when he reaches his perfection, so when he breaks his relationship with law and justice, he becomes the worst of all.” Aristotle (Politically, 4th section)
According to the “Theoretical Foundation” by Lee Anne Bell, the term “Classism” means something different than what I had in mind. I always thought that the term “Classism” is a system of beliefs and cultural attitudes that rank people according to their economical status. After looking up the term in the dictionary “Merriam – Webster” the definition of Classism is that of prejudice or discrimination based on class. However, since the word “class” has many different meanings in this case it is a group sharing the same economic or social status. Therefore, classification deals with equalities or inequalities of economic – but not only that – social, political, and ideological dimensions of society. Our society ranks the stratification of people into layers of upper class, middle class and lower class. In my opinion, classism has a major effect on society because it is a belief that has been passed down from generation to generation. It affects people on an economical but most of in emotional level; it divides society into two parts.* Classism affects mostly the minorities of society.
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In my perspective the mistreatment of Africans that dates back to the 1960’s is an example of classification which results from slavery, lack of education and social status. This division of the group further suppresses Africans; it depletes the want for success within the group. Throughout history, and even today, it appears poor, middle, and working classes all strive to help each other, but the upper class has more of self-interest. Being a child, having a military parent, our type of society and being a middle-class family is the biggest influences in terms of my own biases. I came to realized that I did participate in classism, specifically that of upward classism. I came to realize that not only am I bias towards the upper class, but I had labeled individuals of the upper class as snobs and entitled, which falls into upward classism. Learning this and becoming more aware of my bias towards the upper class made me think and change all my behavior and most the time my thinking towards an upper class people as I thought they were.
After all, classism will consist in all social classes’ whether it’s the higher class or lower class, people will make generalizations or stereotypes about other people in different classes because of their personal background, arrogances, and actions. Although there will always be different forms of oppression and prejudice, classism’s drastic income and wealth inequality and basic human needs tent to go unmet.
In the video “The urgency of intersectionality” by Kimberlé Crenshaw used some terms as Xenophobia, Ableism, Diversity ,Homophobia aside of intersectionality itself.
The definition of homophobia according to the dictionary “Merriam – Webster“ is irrational fear of, aversion to, or discrimination against homosexuality or homosexuals. In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in her homosexuality and the factors from which it comes. Theories that society itself creates: that you are not gay but you are born, that their emotional development has stopped abruptly, that it is impossible to attract people of the opposite friend that they have rebelled and escaped the scope of this society, and that they were victims of some traumatic experience. They were glued to the sign of the abnormal and the mentally ill.
They deprived and violated their rights. They mocked and belittled them. They tried to punish them and then heal them, but they failed to change them. Being declared homosexual, it has never ceased to confront the hostile attitude of society, despite any efforts to eradicate this phenomenon.
Homosexuals are constantly confronted with the social prejudice of other people for their sexual orientation.
In recent years, homosexuality has gradually begun to become more socially acceptable and homosexuals have gained more rights. However, homophobic perceptions and the rejection of the “other” still remain strong. Institutions tend to neglect to meet the needs of the homosexual population, thereby reinforcing homophobic perceptions and attitudes. A society, only through proper education, learning and information, will be able to dispel such perceptions and prejudices. Unawareness and incorrect education lead entire societies to believe that a phenomenon like homosexuality is a threat to its values as well as to its traditional family institutions.
According to studies the causes of homosexuality show that tends to be the result of three factors: hormones, genes and the brain. Human personality is the synthesis of a multitude of elements that each person perceives as part of their identity. Gender expression and sexual orientation are part of people’s identities, and when these identities are the cause of discrimination or are threatened in any way, social workers are called upon to recognize and reinforce them. Being open to everyone, even the ones whom some people have been called “Others” create an atmosphere in which the people you have around me feel more secure.
In the “Conceptual Foundations” by Rita Hardiman, Bailey W. Jackson, and Pat Griffin used the phrase of “Religious Oppression”.
Religious oppression refers to mistreatment of a person or group of people based on their religious affiliations or beliefs. I believe that it can also be defined as bias or violence against minority religious groups depriving them of their political rights and compelling them to leave, consolidate or exist as inferior citizens. It can be described as a breach of conscience, freedom of thought, and faith carried out through acts of punishment, intimidation, and harassment that violate integrity, freedom, and right to life. Violation of political rights is also a form of religious oppression. Religious oppression is a violation of human rights to freedom of religion. The inclination of societies or societal groups to estrange or restrain various sub cultural groups is a constant subject in the history of humankind.
Furthermore, considering the fact that religion is a determining factor of a person’s morality, self-image, identity, ideology, and feelings towards other people, religious disparities may be substantial cultural, social and personal aspects. Religious prejudice is a major cause of religious, cultural and racial wars whereby individuals face bias due to their religious backgrounds. We can see that in M Fayed’s personal story, “The Arab Woman” when she initiates, “I am haunted by a companion called the Arab Woman”. This example illustrates how she feels forced to be someone who she is not just because of religious stereotypes. Mistreatment of a specific religious group in a society may lead to violence and other sorts of oppression. Many people have been treated with cruelty, injustice, abuse, and even murder, simply for the religion they believe in. Just about every type of religious group has been faced with hostility by other people, since the very first century. Native American Indians, Christians, Jews, and Muslims have all felt the sting of oppression for many centuries.
In my conclusion, I believe that human personality is the synthesis of a multitude of elements that each person perceives as part of their identity. Gender expression and sexual orientation are part of people’s identities, and when these identities are the cause of discrimination or are threatened in any way, social workers are called upon to recognize and reinforce them. When you are open to their diversity “Others” you create an atmosphere in which people that have your penis feel more secure. Critical understanding of discrimination based on sexual orientation should be a primary objective social workers and health professionals in general because there is a risk of social devaluation of homosexuality. It is important to continually strive, either individually or collectively through organizations, to create a safe and friendly environment for homosexuals through which positive identification and unconditional acceptance are provided.
References
- Merriam-Webster: Definition of Classism
- National Center for Biotechnology Information: The Impact of Social Class on Health and Healthcare
- Center for American Progress: The Tale of Two Recoveries – Racism and Classism in COVID-19
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Equality
- The Conversation: Class-Based Discrimination Isn’t New – It Evolves with Every Economic Shock
