Procrastination may be defined as the way of delaying the task that may result the student in subjective discomfort and other problem (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984) or an action or behavior that is not beneficial for the person engaged in it. (Balkins, Duro & Duro, 2009). Burka & Yuen (1982) state that academic procrastination has been a problem since ancient times, the two researcher also add that procrastination is from two Latin words: pro meaning “forward,” and crastinus, which means “belonging to tomorrow” which means I’ll do it later. Procrastination happens especially in academic. Procrastination has a different reason why it happened, students has a different reason why they do procrastination and it could be their stress, problem or even their laziness.
Academic procrastination may cause the student an academic failure, withdrawal of courses academic failure and school drop outs (Burka & Yuen, 1983; Knaus, 1998; Rothblum et al.1984 as cited in Cavusoglu & Karatas, 2015) .This studies found that overall, individuals with high emotional intelligence procrastinate less than to those with lower emotional intelligence (Nicholson & Shrarff, 2007). One of the reason why procrastination happened because if the high emotional intelligence of a certain person. Procrastination is a habitual that is no good effect or beneficial to the person who’s engaged in it. The problem in the research that students tend to procrastinate or delay their work more that can cause them problem in their study or course withdrawal, dropouts.
Mostly procrastination appears to university student or college student. Ellis & Kaun(1977) estimated that 95% are involve to procrastination (as cited in Solomon & Rothblum, 1984) and 75% considered themselves as a procrastinators (Potss ,1977 as cited in Steel n.d.) and believe these percentage will rise higher (Kachgal, Hansen, & Nutter, 2001 as cited in Steel n.d.).Male students were found to procrastinate more than the female students (Khen, Arit, Noor & Munner, 2009). There’s a lot of difference between male and female, their characteristics, the way how they live and the way how they do and finish a certain task. Many of the researcher found out that many of the make students are doing procrastination than the female students. Semb, Glick & Spencer (1979) explain that the longer they are in collage they procrastinate more, seniors procrastinate more rather than freshmen (as cited in Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).Solomon & Rothblum (1984) research also state that it depends on what task the students have been given .The research that the researcher conducted results that 46% of the student said when it comes to writing paper, 30% for weekly reading and 28% when studying for examination.
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Ziesat, Rosenthal, & White, (1978) state that academic procrastination focuses the measurement of study habit and time management (as cited in Solomon & Rothblum, 1984), However Solomon and Rothblum (1984) thinks that lack of time management and study skills are not the main reason why college student procrastinate, it also may be because of anxiety, trouble in making decisions, against the control, lack of assertion, fear of consequences, the dislike of the task and overly perfectionist.
The purpose why the researcher conduct this study is to know the parent’s role when it comes to preventing academic procrastination in college student. Filipinos value the role of being a parent, it said to be the most important role in their lives particularly in the society (Jocan, 1988 as cited in Alampay, n.d.). To the point that they will do anything just to make their children accomplished something. Filipino parents value the importance of education, thinking that education can lift them from poverty (Maligalig, Caoli-Rodriguez, Martinez & Cuevas, 2010). Filipino parents make the decisions when it comes to family especially in disciplines, education and family finances (Alampay, n.d.). Philippine education inhabits the political, social and cultural life. That’s why Filipinos have huge concern for education its view as the national development and avenue foe social and economic mobility (Philippine Education for All 2015: Implementation and Challenges, 2015).
Filipinos are having trouble or pester by Mañana habit (Joaquin, 2014). Mañana Habit is been a habit of Filipinos. Mañana is a Spanish word meaning “tomorrow.” and even said that it’s even close to a Filipino catchphrase which is the “mamaya na” in English “later” (admin, 2018). It practices procrastination that can lead to failure of the task, it can also defines at act of having high priority on your work or task (prince-evans, 2018).
Dropouts are estimated has 83.7% meaning the country has 2.3 million dropouts (Manila Bulletin, 2012 as cited in Orion, Forosuelo & Cavalida, 2014). Many students go to college with the anticipation that it will give them better life, college will make the students enhance the skills they need in their job (Orion, Forosuelo & Cavalida, 2014)
Burka and Yuen stated that the first one who attend college in their family, she/he will feel pressured (1983). Steinberg (1990).Youniss & Smollar (as cited in Wentzel,1998) explain that the early adolescence takes change of time .Without a proper guide of the elders the student maybe procrastinate or stress out on his/her study. Eccles & Midgley (as cited in Wentzel, 1998) stated that adolescents’ understanding that professor no longer will care about them regarding to their study. Making the student to be more independent in life and challenging to be more enhance to the real life. In every University students has a different problems in life, different worries and doubt, because it’s part of being an adult. The continuously giving of task, assignment, and presentation can be the reason why students from different University experience academic procrastination.
Previous researchers use methods to determine if the students are practicing procrastination. PASS and Lay Procrastination Scale are one of the methods use (Demeter & Davis, 2013).
Solomon & Rothblum (1984) study developed the following:
We developed the Procrastination Assessment Scale—Students (PASS).
It consists of two sections. The first section assesses the prevalence of procrastination in six areas of academic functioning: (a) writing a term paper, (b) studying for an exam, (c) keeping up with weekly reading assignments, (d) performing administrative tasks, (e) attending meetings, and (f) performing academic tasks in general.2 Specifically, subjects are asked to indicate on a 5-point Liker scale the degree to which they procrastinate on the task. The second section of the PASS provides a procrastination scenario (delay in writing a term paper) and then lists a variety of possible reasons for procrastination on the task: (a) evaluation anxiety, (b) perfectionism,(c) difficulty making decisions, (d) dependency and help seeking, (e) averseness of the task and low frustration tolerance, (f) lack of self-confidence, (g) laziness, (h) lack of assertion, (i) fear of success, (j)tendency to feel overwhelmed and poorly manage time, (k) rebellion against control, (1) risk-taking, and (m) peer influence. (p.504).
While Lay (1986) study the General procrastination scale consists of 20 items. Points are given based on five points where 1 means extremely uncharacteristic and 5 states extremely characteristics. This is the most common method to determine if the person is practicing procrastination.
The importance of this research is, for the parents to be aware of the academic procrastination and for them to be informed how they can face this kind of situation. It will help the students to motivate and inspire to study more with the help of their parents. Steel (n.d.) also stated that Neuroticism can also be the source of procrastination, Neuroticism can make you feel anxious and start to overthink beside of neuroticism you can also have irrational beliefs, self –efficiency & self-esteem, self-handicapping and last feel depress in that way they can also help their children prevent to feel neuroticism or even depression or stress if they have been given a task.
Sharaw, Waclkins & Ofason (2007) stated that something that preferably should be done now, will be postponed to the future .Many people think that a certain task cannot be done today but it can be done tomorrow or even the next days to come. That kind of mindset can make things harder and also this kind of mindset can cause delay in submitting a certain task. The researcher, research about the different factors in terms of academic procrastination. To know it’s causes and the reason why it happened, the researcher conduct an interview to the parents of a college student, this research aims to know the role of being a parent to a college student, the goal of this research is to inform the college student parent’s what they need to do if their child experience an academic procrastination and the way how they can avoid and resolve this kind of situation.
