According to some studies, the meaning of self esteem is difficult to define clearly. Self esteem is knowing that you are important. Valuing and trusting yourself allows you to cope with problems and manage your life also self esteem is the way we think ,see,feel about ourselves. Self-esteem covers all of this (Hooks, 2003). self-esteem is divided into two as low self-esteem and high self-esteem. İnvidual with low self-esteem may often think about failure and tend to negatively affect things easily (Baumeister, Campbell, Krueger & Vohs, 2011). They are quite prone to depression (Manna, Falgares, Ingoglia & Como, 2016). People with high-self-esteem claims to have more cute, attractive and have better relationships. (Baumeister, Campbell, Krueger & Vohs, 2011).
According to research, the relationship between the child and the parent is the strongest bond a person can establish in his life. The relationship that the child establishes with his family is his first experience at an early age. important enough to affect other relationships. Families child parenting styles he/she prefers consciously or unconsciously while raising, a healthy relationship It plays an important role in the organization. From the relationships that the child will establish in the future, how it sees and how it feels can be decisive in many ways. A child is a basis for feeling self-esteem or self-esteem by making decisions and collecting results in their own decision-making mechanisms.
When the decision leads to negative consequences, the child should have the opportunity to evaluate the situation and make corrections until the outcome is acceptable.(friedmen, joanne, 2015) The most important part here is that the parent should not interfere with the child. However, some parents don’t allow children to make a decision about something so the child does not experience the connection between cause and effect or punishes the child for mistakes, so the child is afraid to make any decisions ( Wolff, J.2000). Baumrind, D. (1971) has revealed that there are 3 main and different parenting styles namely authoritarian, authoritative, permissive and negligent parenting style.
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Authoritarian Parenting is a kind of parents set very strict rules and expect the child to comply with all of them. Instead of providing logical reasons for why the established rules are applied, they often make statements such as ‘Because I want/say so Because we are parents.’ And if the rules are not followed, they give penalties to ensure discipline.
They do not set their expectations about children in a way that suits them, they always ignore the personal characteristics and development of the child and always expect better(Rabeatul Husna Abdul Rahman2015). As a result, children with authoritarian parents always follow the rules but have to deal with low self-esteem and self-esteem. It can be observed that they are more anxious and more aggressive because they have an insecure attachment to parents.( (Jadon & Tripathi, 2017)
Authorative parents are both demanding and responsive. They set rules, but they explain why these rules are, why. They shape the expectations of children according to your development. They adopt a positive discipline approach to reduce behavioural problems, they also appreciate positive behaviours or empower them for small rewards. Instead, it is meant to be securely attached to children and parents and has been well developed for self-esteem. (Alegre, A 2010).
Permissive parenting style, also known as the indulgent parenting style. These parents do not control their children in any way, do not limit their behavior and at the same time do not show enough interest and love. As long as the child does not bother the mother and father, there is no problem with the child. Children who grow up with indifferent attitudes may often lack self-confidence or exhibit aggressive behavior. these parents usually have no expectations of themselves or their lives. (Sarwar, Samiullah 2016).
Some studies show that, there was a positive relationship between permissive and authoritarian parents in self esteem.( Meng Chuan Ho , Lavinia Cassandra , Pei Boon Ooi 2019). However, Sarwar, Samiullah (2016) found that, children who grow up with permissive parents will be less self confidence and self esteem. Authoritarian parenting style gives negative results on the self-esteem of children and adolescents.( Gunjan Sharma, Dr. Neelam Pandey 2015). Lucy C Driscoll (2013) said that self-esteem is associated with age and parenting style. Children have low self-esteem at the age of 6,11,14 with authoritarian parenting style but people have high self-esteem at the age of 18 and over with authoritarian and permissive parenting style.
Aim of this study to find; is there a relationship between parenting styles and self esteem? Do parent styles changes by age? Is it dependent on parental styles whether individuals have low self-esteem or high self-esteem?
References
- Hooks, 2003
- Baumeister, Campbell, Krueger & Vohs, 2011
- Manna, Falgares, Ingoglia & Como, 2016
- Hooks, 2003
- Baumeister, Campbell, Krueger & Vohs, 2011
- Manna, Falgares, Ingoglia & Como, 2016
- Hooks, 2003
- Baumeister, Campbell, Krueger & Vohs, 2011
- Manna, Falgares, Ingoglia & Como, 2016
- Baumeister, Campbell, Krueger & Vohs (cont.)
