Today I will be talking about female astronomers that have discovered many things. They have gone to great lengths to make their discoveries. The five female astronomers I am going to talk about today are: Vera Cooper Rubin, Nancy Grace Roman, Margaret J. Geller, and Heidi Hammel.
Vera Cooper Rubin was a Dark Matter Detective. Vera Cooper Rubin was born July 23, 1928 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She got her education at Georgetown University and Cornell University. Rubin has four children. Three sons and one daughter. Karl Rubin, Allan Rubin, David Rubin, and Judith Young. Rubin was a highly known astronomer who had many awards. One of them being the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society. She studied with Kent Ford at the Carnegie Institution of Washington. They were shocked to find out that the vast spirals of the Andromeda Galaxy were rotating the wrong direction.
Rubin and Ford also discovered that the only thing holding galaxies together were living stars and gravity. These things were still very unclear to Rubin, until two years after the discoveries that these things represented the first amount of direct evidence of dark matter. Dark Matter detective Rubin and Ford figured that dark matter covers about 84% of the universe’s material. Dark Matter makes different galaxies pull and tug on eachother. She made many discoveries into the world of scientific astronomy. Vera Cooper Rubin died on December 25, 2016 in Princeton, New Jersey.
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Nancy Grace Roman was a very well known astronomer. She was born on May 16, 1925 in Nashville, Tennessee. Roman had an amazing education from Swarthmore College, University of Chicago. She clearly went into the field of Astronomy. Roman was known for helping create the Hubble Space Telescope. Roman made an advance in the original telescope created by Sir Isaac Newton and Galileo Galilei. This advancement was made in April of 1990. Roman still lives this day, at age 93 and is a resident of Washington, D.C.
Margaret Geller is an astrophysicist that was born on December 8, 1947 in Ithaca, New York. She got her education from the University of California, Berkeley, Princeton University. Geller is a Cartographer of the Universe. She has received many awards. One being the Henry Norris Russell Lectureship. She was one of a few astronomers to map out the universe and all of its galaxies. She also discovered the Great Wall of Galaxies in space.
Heidi Hammel was born on March 14, 1960 in California. She is a well known Astronomer in the field of science. She is known as an Outer Planetary Astronomer. She got her undergraduate education from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She received her Ph.D. in physics and astronomy from the University of Hawaii. Hammel has many different awards. Notable awards and regular Awards. She searched more about the outer planets like Jupiter and Neptune. Jupiter and beyond. Neptune drew more of Hammels attention for a few weeks.
Then she returned to studying Jupiter’s atmospheric response to Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 in 1994 with the Hubble Telescope. After making these discoveries about the outer planetary system, Hammel was placed on The Planetary Society’s Board of Directors in 2005. She became a Senior Research Scientist with the Space Science Institute on Boulder, Colorado shortly after. After studying Jupiter she researched the weather of the Solar System. This happens to be known as the Wildest Weather Solar System.
In conclusion, Female Astronomers have made many amazing discoveries just a male astronomers have. Females have been able to discover things that men have not. Meaning that women astronomers have a great deal to due with what we know about the universe and all its galaxies today. Without them we would be left in the dark with no knowledge of what might, can and will happen someday.
