As we age, our body naturally changes. We can’t stop the process but with the technologies that we have today, we can slow down that process of aging. But sooner or later all the signs of aging will be visible. It’s the natural way of our bodies to behave. As an individual grows through infancy to adulthood, one of the most noticeable physical change is that the head becomes smaller about the rest of the body. This is called a cephalocaudal pattern, where the fastest growth in the human body occurs at the top, with the head. In Early Childhood, girls are slightly smaller and lighter. Also, girls gain fat and boys gain muscle. During middle and late childhood, changes in proportions are among the most noticeable physical changes, and muscle mass and strength increase also. When puberty hits, early adolescent girls tend to weigh more and be taller than boys. As for boys, body image tends to improve moving into late adolescence. As for physical changes in girls, their breasts enlarge, or pubic hair appears. Later hair appears in armpits and hips become wider than shoulders. In boys, increase in penis and testicle size, ejaculation, pubic and armpit hair, voice changes, and facial hair. Hormones increase dramatically in adolescence, both testosterone, and estradiol present in both boys and girls. Testosterone is a hormone associated with boys with the development of genitals, increased height, and deepening of the voice. Estradiol is a type of estrogen associated with girls with breast, uterine, and skeletal development. In early adulthood, the height is constant, and many reach the peak of muscle tone and structure in late teens and twenties. However, these features may begin to decline in the thirties. For physical appearance in middle adulthood, individuals lose height in middle age and began to gain weight. Noticeable signs of aging are wrinkles and sag because of a loss of fat and collagen in underlying tissues. Aging spot and gray hair are also the most common visible sign of aging. These physical appearances can start showing up around the forties or fifties. In late adulthood, the changes in physical appearance are more noticeable. Like wrinkles, and age spots. Also, weight loss due to muscle loss after age sixty.
Our brain changes with each passing year just like the rest of our body. From the time we were infants, our brains are adapting, learning, and make memories. Also, in infancy, the brain area doesn’t mature uniformly and cognitive skills that require deliberate thinking emerge later. In childhood, the brain and head grow more rapidly than any part of the body. Also, some brain size increases due to myelination and the number and sizes of dendrites. Our brain continues to grow up until we are adolescence. The corpus callosum connects the two hemispheres and it improves information processing. Also, there is an increase in reasoning, and decision making, and self-control. As we enter the stage of adulthood, we lose about 5-10% of the brain weight in ages between 20 to 90, and there is a decrease in dendrites and reductions in neurotransmitters.
Heredity, family history, health, education, personality, and lifestyle are important factors when we want to improve the possibility of living longer. Also, the ability to cope with stress is very important.
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