Every day, people are constantly moving around the world to survive. Migration is the movement of the individuals via out of the country or into the country. Four major reasons that influence this are demographic, economic, environmental, and political factors; determined by push or pull factors. Push factors compel people to leave in to find a better way of living. Pull factors attract migrants to areas. There are two types of migration: internal and international. Internal migration is the movement within a region. International migration is the movement from one country to another.
Most of the studies indicate that migration is primarily motivated by economic factors. The main driving force of leaving the country is the lack of job opportunities or payment. International Labor Organization stated that “about 100 million migrant workers, have left home to find better job and lifestyle opportunities for their families abroad.” The sending countries will sometimes desire people to emigrate to other countries since it is unable to provide enough occupations. India, a most populated area would seemingly favor this factor because the increase of population will likely cause higher unemployment.
On the positive side, the sending country can benefit from remittance, thus, raising their economy. The negative side to the receiving countries would be that many employees are willing to work with no knowledge of training or the innovations, consequently, harming themselves and the company. On the positive side, the receiving country will earn the profit of filling up jobs and opportunities in their countries; the economy is sustained. The pull factors from this reason are that jobs and opportunities are open to anyone for a better salary.
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Countries with higher population growth are in the rural area. This drifts the population toward the city. Most international migrations are usually males who are relatively young who are seeking for a job. “There were more male international migrant workers, 83.7 million or 55.7 percent, than female, 66.6 million or 44.3 percent in 2013.” Men are usually the one to provide money and support the family—as women travel internally within the state with their husband. Although education for females improved over the last decades, female migrants may still face discrimination, mistreatment, and unfavored salary. International Organization of Migration is currently trying to solve this norm by advocating for both genders.
Natural disasters, environmental degradation and climate change all are part of the environmental factors. Many migrants seek for shelters neighboring countries. China is frequent for floods. June of 2016, a heavy rainfall provoked deadly floods across Southern China. “It estimated to killed well over 200 people with 3.7million affected and 197,000 were displaced.” The country spent well over US$20 billion in reconstructing croplands and construction sites. The sending country had to pay for migration, whereas receiving countries had to provide safety.
Many migrants are forced to cross the national boundaries due to war or persecution. They are recognized as refugees—someone who strives for asylum. Karen in Southeastern Myanmar joined Karen Nation Union, which is led by Christians, demanded self-determinism. They faced brutal strikes every day along the border. “Over 100,000 people fled to neighboring country, India.” Myanmar is made up of mostly Muslims, and any other religion they find, they will destroy it. Every last evidence will be demolished. Many receiving countries are expected to pay for asylum seekers. India was already trying emigrated people but had no choice but to take in refugees.
In conclusion, there are countless reasons why a person may migrate for the better choice of living through the four push and pull factors.
