Two reasons the population is decreasing is due to poverty and immigration. With knew technologies being introduced to perform manufacturing work, jobs are being eliminated causing extreme poverty in some areas. Due to minimal resources, families are forced to migrate from their home to care for their families. The birthrate has also decreased causing the birth to death ratio to be one sided. Due to the number of deaths outweighing births, the population growth has decreased. Fertility rates plays a large role in the population rate and due to infertility causes increasing, some in well-developed countries have chosen to have children. Urbanization plays a role in the decreasing birth rate due to family planning services being limited in urban areas.
Diseases affect the population by its increase of the death rate. As the population begins to become affected or die due to disease, there is higher probability of spread to affect others within the community. Fertility, migration and urbanization affect the spread of diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria and HIV/AIDS. Increased population due to migration and the living conditions in certain areas an increase the risk of infection. AIDS is one of the most destructive health crises of our time. By 2005, more than 25 million people had died and an estimated 39 million were living with HIV. Approximately, 4 million people infected with HIV in 2005. The pandemic continues to spread worldwide despite prevention efforts and successes in a few countries. Comprehensive approaches to improve reproductive and sexual health will require continued commitment and investment.
Environmental toxins the affect Japan are mostly due to the large amount of pollutants had been emitted because of industrial manufacturing. Also because factories were built on waterfront areas to increase production efficiency, the sources of pollutant generation were concentrate affects the air and water supply. Pollution related diseases, including Minamata disease and Yokkaichi asthma, were triggered. Previously, Japan was affected by mineral pollution due to mining.
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Egypt shares most of the environmental problems of other developing countries. One of the most important health and environmental problems is air pollution resulting from burning fuel and increased automobile exhaust in cities. Moreover, the deficiency of efficient sanitation services and water pollution caused by the breaking down of old and consumed water networks, as well as the various problems in construction, designing and maintenance of sewage system resulted in the appearance and prevalence of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
There are several examples of exposure to chemical genotoxicants, and lifestyle exposures in the population, which create unique combinations of environmental risk factors for diseases such as cancer. Environmental factors may interact with infection and lead to enhancement of carcinogenicity processes. Currently, there is a growing interest in environmental mutagenicity and carcinogenicity research. The use of different biomarkers and genetic susceptibility testing can contribute effectively to risk assessment. The Government of Egypt recognizes and deals seriously with these problems. The State Ministry of Environment has initiated new policies that include risk minimization, law enforcement, treatment of pollution at source, mitigation procedures and inter-sectorial collaboration.
