According to readingroket.org oral language contributes to the verbal communication mechanism of literacy which includes speaking and listening. ‘Houghton Mifflin Harcourt’s division of Heinemann’ (2019) who further explains oral language development as the communication competencies that teachers continuously build upon each child’s enrolment to the school. Oral language is developed in connection with beginning reading and writing because acquiring literacy is an interdependent process in which all language learning takes place according to the Houghton Mifflin Harcourt division of Heinemann (2019). Stages of oral language development Phonological skills- The phonological stage may be described as the prelinguistic stage. This is where the child’s awareness to sound in being learned. When there is some utterance withing their languages such as the sounds of syllables and rhymes. When children use the phonological system, they must master the fine muscle coordination necessary to produce a rich variety of sounds.
They will learn and understand that sounds have meaning and realize that their pronunciation must match the adult form of their native language. Adult phonological system is achieved only when children models to imitate and are provided with encouragement to continue their linguistic development. Pragmatics- Pragmatics refers to the realization of the social rules of communication. This includes what we say, how we say it, and our body language. Syntax- Syntax is the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. Morphological skills- Morphological awareness, which is an understanding of how words can be broken down into smaller units of meaning such as roots, prefixes, and suffixes, has emerged as an important contributor to word reading and comprehension skills.
Vocabulary- Vocabulary/ vocabulary knowledge, also referred to as semantic knowledge, involves understanding the meanings of words and phrases (aka receptive vocabulary) and using those words and phrases to communicate effectively (aka expressive vocabulary). A dictionary is a list of words and phrases that are (or were) in common usage, together with their definitions – so a dictionary is different from a lexicon because a lexicon is a simple list and doesn’t define the word. The Components of Oral Language via (readingrockets.org) Oral language, the complex system that relates sounds to meanings, is made up of three components: the phonological, semantic, and syntactic.English words demonstrates that we do know a vast number of rules. Knowing that the semantic component is made up of morphemes, the smallest units of meaning that can be combined with each other to make up words (for example, paper + s are the two morphemes that makeup papers).
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A dictionary contains the semantic component of a language, but also what words and meanings are important to the speakers of the language also stated by readingrocket.org. Oral language is one in many of the foundational building blocks of learning. Try these simple strategies with your students, and give them the boost in confidence they need for future academic and social success. List of strategies that focus on Oral Language instruction Anticipation Guides Book Talks Choral Reading Grand Conversations Hot Seat Interactive Read aloud Activity 1: Anticipation Guides Objectives: Materials: Duration: 30 minutes Procedure: Construct the anticipation guide. Model the process. Read each of the statements and ask the students if they agree or disagree with it. Read the text aloud or have students read the selection individually. Bring closure to the reading by revisiting each of the statements.
Here are some beneficial strategies by weareteacher.com Book Talks- A book talk is a short presentation about a book with the goal of convincing other people to read it. It’s not a formal book report or review. And, it’s more persuasive than expository. In book talk, the goal is to engage the listeners and present a fun, exciting, and even suspenseful commercial for your book. How to use an anticipation guide Make sure to also give the title and author of the book. In a paragraph or two, summarize the plot of the book. Choral Reading- During the choral reading, a student, or a group of students reads a passage together, with or without a teacher. Tea Party- Tea party, mingling around with each other, listening and talking, and discussing. To use this strategy, distribute index cards to each student with a phrase from the text written on it. Phrases may be repeated. UNIT 2: THE READING/WRITING PROCESS Defining the Reading involves recognizing words, leading to the development of comprehension. Writing Process. The writing process is a set of steps that you can take to make writing easier for you.
These steps are pre-writing, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing. Working through these steps can help your writing to be the best it can. Strategies to engage students as readers by (natlib.govt.nz) Teachers creating readers- Teachers create readers in the class by teaching students how to read, by being a reading role model and by creating a classroom culture where reading for pleasure is encouraged and supported. Reading aloud- Reading aloud to students of all ages, including teenagers, is a vital part of any good reading program. It’s enjoyable, stimulates interest, imagination, and language, and exposes students to the joys of reading. Book clubs- Book clubs are a great way to engage students with reading and help build a reading culture at your school.Identify the writing being described story about the time you got lost at Disneyland. A web page telling How to create a web page.
The Harry Potter movies. A letter to the governor explaining why the tax increase is a bad idea. Writing in which you record details of a trip taken. An essay discussing a theme from Romeo and Juliet. COMPREHENSION AND FLUENCY Comprehension According to definition.net reading comprehension is defined as the level of understanding of a text/message. The actualization comes from the interaction between the words that are written and how they trigger knowledge outside the text/message. Educators in the worldwide believe that students need to learn to analyse text even before they can read it . During the last century comprehension lessons usually consisted of students answering teachers’ questions, writing responses to questions on their own, or both. The whole group version of this practice also often included ‘Round-robin reading’, wherein teachers called on individual students to read a portion of the text.
In the last quarter of the 20th century, evidence accumulated that the read-test methods assessed comprehension more than they taught it. Fluency Simplesite.com defined fluency as the ability to read with speed, accuracy, and proper expression. When reading aloud, fluent readers read in phrases and add intonation appropriately, stated by readingrockets.org. Fluency is a major component in the balanced literacy framework and it is crucial to the development of reading comprehension in students. Through my research and review of literature, I have concluded that reading fluency is a measure of success in overall reading comprehension using various fluency strategies and interventions. In this study, students participated in numerous fluency activities, with the focus on repeated reading as a fluency strategy.
As a result, students showed growth in reading comprehension. The literature supports the conclusion that fluency increases reading comprehension. Fluency strategies via (ces-school.net and readingandspell.org) Pre-literacy skills-It’s immensely important and beneficial for children to read with their Decoding & comprehension-Reading is a complex cognitive task that involves parallel activity in different areas of the brain. Learn more in common reading problems. Issues concerning reading fluency may emerge from decoding skills, comprehension skills or both. Readers must decode the letters on a page, recognize the words they are made up of and make meaning out of groups of words, sentences, and paragraphs. Comprehension- In the same way, focusing too much on decoding can prevent struggling readers from paying attention to the content of reading.
Fluency can also be impacted by a failure to understand what is being read. If comprehension appears to be a struggle it may interrupt fluency as students find they cannot follow what they are reading and need to go back to re-read earlier parts of the text. Readers are required to hold a number of details and contextual clues in memory in order to link and pick up on gist, inference and main ideas in the text. Literacy assessments can be informal or formal, formative or summative, screenings or diagnostic tests. Educationdive.com speaks on how data is provided. Defining Assessment Assessment refers to the wide variety of methods or tools that educators use to evaluate, measure, and document the academic readiness, learning progress, skill acquisition, or educational needs of students. (Oct 11, 2015) Roles of assessment in literacy via (readingrockets.org and k8accesscenter.org)
