Table of Contents
Abstract
Imagine, if we had to live in a world where everyone depended on genes to prove their identity, where people would say that they grew up mentally our abilities of perceptual develop. There are two classes of explanation which is included such as nature (built-in; genetics; biological) and nurture (experience; learned; environment). After understanding the concept of effect on perceptual development, I started to look in-depth on how it effecting the humans as well as animals. This section discusses how biological factors, such as humans and animal using their brain to perceive quite a bit before they had a chance to learn anything. As well as talking about how the perceptual affects has built-in brain organization. The last section of the paper compares a case study on Little Albert. This case study is a prime example of how the perceptual development has effect on nurture. It was proved to be classic conditioning which could be applied to human. Even though Little Albert was not afraid of white rat first, but using loud noises made him afraid of anything that he sees furry and white like a rat.
Introduction
Perceptual development is the main use of the senses which is acquire to know information or have knowledge of external world. There has been a lot of debates about how the development focus with human at beginning of life as well find after growing child achieve their knowledge and information later. One of the factor include such as the method of study of space perception in animals using implication for the nature vs. nurture problem. The researcher describing the Spalding’s pioneer observation ( Leherman, 1965). The environmental factors and genetics factors are very closely related to the nature vs. nurture argument which was discussed about coded in our genes as wells birth and experience according to Tabula Rasa.
Jean Piaget and Albert Banduras created theories on Cognitive. Piaget theory mainly argues in the individual perceive and organization of thought throughout the environment. Bandura theory mainly holds the results between cognitive and environmental factor which is learned by social theory. Nurture plays into the biological effects on a perceptual development and growth of the child; however, it is the outcomes of both nature and nurture that will have greatest impact on an interact of child learning, knowledge, motivated to learn, whether it is positive or negative.
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Nature
The difference between nature and nurture is that nature plays important part in genetics role which in our genes and DNA while nurture is mainly focused on outside environment such as learning form surrounding. Many different theories have been based on debated on the ideas of nature vs. nurture for the role of human. Habituation plays a main role in perceptual development in nature. In chapter 15 of Life-Span Development, it talks about when the child is born, first things they can feel and sense is their mother which the child was in for 9 months. According to the article called, “Early Childhood Perceptual Development”, it talks about how the baby are able to distinguish voices and their own languages.
When baby is born, they are cannot speak fluently like the adult do. So, for them to get what they want they make a sound language. If the child is hungry then, they will start to cry which is letting their parents know about what the child feel right now. As for happiness, for course, smiley face and giggles. The genetic factors come in naturally at the infant which is include as they are not able to see clearly at first, not able to talk fluently and not able to properly. Their ability to interpret at infant comes from their genes. There are babies who can learn and walk fast depending on their biological factors but this assumption is not always right.
Nurture
The genetics factors can go down by generation which is include such as their learning skill at early age by seeing and learning form their experiences. Research such as Jean Piaget initiated debates nature vs. nurture interact to produce cognitive development. His theory was from birth through adolescence using the concepts of languages, scientific reasoning, moral development, and memory. In this research, he concludes that this cognitive was generally observe and described of the children at different age which is include as sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operational stage, and formal operational stage. His main assumptions about the children were that they can learn from their knowledge by seeing form and experiences such as by outside world.
Children can learn when they see something outside. Take play hide- and seek for an example, which told children how to win the game which was improved by their mind skills used in young ages (Ding, 2018). Many years have passed down where we as human beings are born and genetics passed down by our previous generations which include such as our physical characteristic form our families. The perception is used in the child through adolescence using process of taking in information as well as organizing. Throughout, the growth of the child, the researchers and the viewer consider the information of how their growth has effect on the way the see, hear, touch stuff. There are many types of behavior includes while learning information by using perceptual such as gross motor and fine motor.
A common example of this is motor development. Motor development is a movement of our body which is include such as eyes, arms, legs, and hands. As in the pregnancy, the mother feels the child kicking their belly which is providing the movement to tell them what they are doing and how they are feeling it. “Theoretically, a motor development is a way to changes in the children’s ability to control movement which is included form our body at infant age such as waving, kicking to learn movement of adapting to learn how to control of reaching, and sport skills” (Adolph, Weise, and Marine 2003,134).
Brain is the matter factor to rely on and play an important role at early ages. According to Tierney and Nelson (2009), “It has been noted the past 30 years of researchers now have better sense of how brain development by underlying effects of the development of behavior.” As infant grow, they start to develop their brain ability to think, feel and sense in different ways. There has been a people who were born with no eye sight but as the time past on, the child could see because of the medication and using to the environmental factor which was knowing the doctor who could cure the disease.
References
- Adolph, K. E.; I. Weise; and L. Marin. 2003. “Motor Development,” in Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. London: Macmillan. Tierney, Adrienne L., and Charles A. Nelson. Advances in Pediatrics., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1 Nov. 2009, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3722610/.
- Ding, X. P., Heyman, G. D., Sai, L., Yuan, F., Winkielman, P., Fu, G., & Lee, K. (2018). Learning to deceive has cognitive benefits. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 176, 26-38. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2018.07.008
- Santrock, J. W., & Santrock, J. W. (2014). Life span development. Place of publication not identified: Mcgraw-Hill Education. My Account Settings. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.livejournal.com/manage/settings/?cat=display
- Lehrman, D. S., Hinde, R. A., & Shaw, E. S. (1965). Advances in the study of behavior. New York: Academic Press. Myers, R. (2014, December 08). Early Childhood Perceptual Development -. Retrieved from https://childdevelopmentinfo.com/development/early-childhood-perceptual-development/#.W2eNWWV02V4
