Classical conditioning, it is a form of learning via psychology and was discovered by Ivan Pavlov. Organisms and humans do respond to most environmental changes. Classical conditioning does give animals and humans the chance to act on something that is going to take place. What this does is allow the human/animal to determine if something is going to be safe. Examples: when one feels the need to eat or if there is a danger. However, with classical conditioning, we can learn new and uncharted emotions such as fear and pleasure. This can be either connected with many or one situations. There are five types of conditioning, which do include unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, neutral stimulus, condition response, and unconditioned response.
Moreover, Pavlov did his experiments on dogs and their digestive systems. When a technician would present food that would have a salivating response. It then was associated with the food and then related with the fact that when anyone would walk in it was associated by the fact. they (dog) would eat. Then the sound of a bell was introduced. They would hear the bell and think it was time to eat. What is further interesting is that in the 1920s Pavlov had shown that classical conditioning occurred with animals. However, another example would be the Little Albert Experiment; this was shown by Rayner and Watson to occur in humans. The little boy was put in an atmosphere of rabbits, masks, newspapers that were burning, and white rats.
It was done for nine months, and during this time was absent/ed. At the beginning of all this, no response was made by the little boy. However when a loud noise was introduced that is when a response became prevalent; thus, there was crying. and a phobia was created with rats. Moreover, according to McLeod (2018), operant conditioning is “a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior.“ An individual is conditioned throughout their existence This can happen with punishments, negative or positive reinforcement. As tar as bullying being mitigated through a behaviorist approach. With teenagers. bullying has become more common: and laws have been passed for schools. for example, to take action against bullying.
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However, in schools, operant conditioning is already used. Even so, not all schools are taking the correct action which is punishing the students to the extent that it should be. Thus, making it seem as it the schools are allowing the students to bully one another. Reinforcers, plus punishments are in place for each student’s well-being. There are positive reinforcements, for those that are being bullied; and those students who are doing the bullying are being punished. However, Man (2016). states “expressions of response strength-behavior driven by reinforcing consequences, as it reinforcement were a kind of force” One way that operant conditioning can positively reinforce the victim to stand up to a bully or just stay away from them. Each bully more than likely will not even respond to the punishment.
However, according to Daniella, Stephanie, and Torbin (2016) would be to talk to the person doing the bullying and discuss their actions. But reinforce the consequences if the behavior should happen to continue. Discourage the behavior with negative reinforcement. Thus this type of behavior (bullying) does happen in many forms. from social media to home, and schooli One thing that is important is that one simply cannot excuse the behavior, but to understand what the bully may or may not be going through. These actions can be brought on by something outside of their personal control. Mitigating this type of behavior is to stand up for those that are being bullied.
References
- https://www.simplypsychology.org/classical-conditioning.html
- https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-classical-conditioning-2794903
- https://explorable.com/classical-conditioning
- https://psychcentral.com/blog/what-is-classical-conditioning/
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/classical-conditioning
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4617598/
