Table of Contents
The enormity of food disease cripples the easily influenced teenager and has created a great urgency to address this phenomenon by way of research inquiry, accordingly, explained Rohde, Stice, and Nathan (2015); and to parlay these investigations into interventional and preventive approaches for young women, ages 10 – 24. For the purpose of this proposed prevention program, therefore, the target population selected is 14-year olds when risk factors are most predictive.
Consequently, in the midst of corpulent and plump young ladies, dissatisfaction with body image might fuel extreme overindulgence in food consumption. Therefore, stopping negative feelings of discontent with the way the body is looked upon is an issue that must be dealt with at the earliest possible age and included in programs aimed at preventive measures. Yager and O’Dea (2008) reported that being heavy and fat have caused significant health challenges in America.
Discontent for body image contributes to the way dangerous, hostile results flare up together with poor intake of food, minimal levels of self acceptance and feelings of depression linked to unfavorable . focus on the negative view of body corpulence which is an issue of little or no concern.
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Because of the soaring speed that one’s weight increases or reach the level of stoutness within the adolescent population in America, Sonneville, Calzol, Horton, Haines, Austin, & Field, (2012) claimed that a reasonable quantity of displeasure with the way the skeletal frame surrounded by grotesque plumpness might prove to be the necessary incentive for achieving a wholesome adjustment in the way this group of people elect to be slimmer or to become comfortable with a heavier torso.
With this perspective in mind, the title of this study is Ending the obsessive attitude to food and discontent with body image.
Primary concept related to eating disorders American businesses and the United States governing bodies are the chief supporters of the unwholesome actions of the constituents and consumers in this land.
Government and corporate practices often promote unhealthy behavior. The lack of equality in distributing worldly goods related to health services to local neighborhoods causes the constituents to make unhealthy choices, particularly in the foods they eat. Consequently, effective opportunities for interventions are minimized.
Primary Concept
There are certain characteristics that are indicative of both men and women that are under the guise of positively impacting relationships with family, self worth, emotional well-being, academic excellent, and mental awareness. However, despite similarities of these factors existed for male and female, there were ethnic differences, especially for women. In this regard, specialists in the health field should be aware of the adverse effects these characteristics would have on eating disorders.
Additionally, during the screening process, questions should address these concerns in order to convene appropriate referrals and resources for any student who disclosed this kind of information. Croll, Neumark-Sztainer, Story, and Ireland (2002). explained that knowing about the characteristics that protect or produce risk can direct preventive and interventive efforts to end obsessive attitudes to food and discontent with body image, expecially involving ethnicity.
Primary Concept
Community coalitions and partnerships are a way for government agencies, private sector institutions, community groups, and individual citizens come together for the common purposes of preventing obesity by improving nutrition and physical activity. Potential stakeholders in community coalitions aimed at obesity prevention include but are not limited to community organizations and leaders, health-care professionals, local and state public health agencies, industries (e, g. building and construction, restaurant, food and beverage, and entertainment), the media, educational institutions, government (including transportation and parks and recreation departments), youth-related and faith-based organizations, nonprofit organizations, foundations, and employees.
Golden, Schneider, and Wood, (2016) theorized that among adolescents (teenagers), eating disorders (Eds) and obesity are widespread. Accordingly, more public awareness to this assessment might generate activities devoted to preventive measures that combat these disorders.
These researchers also posited that many teenagers who developed eating disorders may have had no previous diagnosis of obesity.
In contrast, Croll, Neumark-Sztainer, Story, and Ireland (2002); Stice and Whitenton (2002) postulated that body discontent results basically from minimal sense of worth and identified as a menace caused by starving oneself, unhealthy ingestion of food by males and females on a spectrum of ages that also impact emotional wellbeing (Mann, Bone, Lloyd-Evans, 2017).
These researchers also supported the notion that instruction in healthiness and endorsement of curricular Health education and health promotion programs designed for enhancement of confidence in how adolescents positively view themselves and succeed in the the way they accept how their bodies look (Mann, et. al, 2017).
A self-esteem approach toward the prevention of body image and eating problems has been widely used among young children and adolescents. It is based on the self-efficacy component of Bandura’s Social Learning Theory and Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986), which theorize that to change health behavior, individuals must have the required personal skills, perceptions and degree of self-efficacy to do so as well as health-promoting physical environments that provide opportunities for positive health behaviors and social support.
This research is purported to define the interaction between obesity prevention and eating disorders (EDs) in teenagers. The take-away is to provide researchers with evidentiary tools to identify behaviors that predisposes both obesity and EDs, provides guidance in creating preventive messages pertaining to obesity and eating disorders. The focus should be on a healthy lifestyle rather than on weight. Evidence suggests that obesity prevention and treatment, if conducted correctly, do not predispose to EDs.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT ) approach offered 1 day a week during an average 7 months produces benefits on eating behaviors, weight, and psychological parameters that are durable up to 3.5 years post treatment. Within 6 months to 1-year patients and family members of PEDICA are expected to be aware of behavioral triggers. Within 1 – 2 years, patients are expected to develop appropriate eating habits conducive to their biology and age group; and are expected to have control over behavioral based co-morbid mental health deficits (Vanderlinden, Adriaensen, Vancampfort, Pieters, Probst, & Vansteelandt (2012).
Purpose
The purpose, driven by a needs assessment, is to determine who should take the Adolescent and Young Adult Obesity program/intervention, how great the need is and, what can be done to best meet the needs of the indented population are females between the ages of 10 and 24 (period between adolescence and young adulthood is recognized as a heightened time for risk in the development of eating disorders. The psychological, social and physical ramifications of eating disorders are severe, according to Rohde, Stice, and Nathan (2015). For the purpose of this proposed prevention program, therefore, the target population selected is 14-year olds when risk factors are most predictive.
Compared with girls who were the least satisfied with their bodies, girls who were the most satisfied had 85% lower odds of starting to binge eat frequently (OR ¼ 0.15, 95% CI (0.06, 0.37)). The association between body satisfaction and starting to binge eat frequently was stronger for younger adolescents than older adolescents. Whereas body dissatisfaction is common among overweight and obese girls, body satisfaction may protect against excessive weight gain and binge eating. Prevention of body dissatisfaction must begin early and should be considered as a component of both obesity and eating. disorder.
A self-esteem approach toward the prevention of body image and eating problems has been widely used among young children and adolescents. It is based on the self-efficacy component of Bandura’s Social Learning Theory and Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986), which theorize that to change health behavior, individuals must have the required personal skills, perceptions and degree of self-efficacy to do so as well as health-promoting physical environments that provide opportunities for positive health behaviors and social support.
In failing to change the environments that foster and maintain obesity or eating problems may doom programs focusing exclusively on the individual. It is probably too much to ask adolescents, let alone children, to overcome unhealthy messages from peers, teachers, coaches, parents, siblings, and media.
Instead, prevention programs need to alter those messages” (Levine and Smolak, pp. 283-284).
Research Questions
The research question is ‘How does body image dissatisfaction impact interventions to ending obsessive attitude to food and discontent with body image?”
Population
According to Katz, O’Connell, Yeh, Nawaz, Njike, Anderson, Cory, and Dietz (2005), there is a national epidemic of overweight adolescents who are dissatisfied with their bodies. Hence, program developers and policy makers have focused their attention on the school environment for implementation of prevention and intervention approaches because of the ongoing, focused and concentrated contact teachers, support staff, and administrators have with students. There is also a wealth of assets to use with students who suffer with an obsessive attitude to food and body dissatidfaction.
In spite of these intentions, Katz, O’Connell, Yeh, Nawaz, Njike, Anderson, Cory, and Dietz (2005) were unable to conclude if combined bodily movement and nourishment by food [in schools] are effective in preventing plumpness or corpulence as an adequate prevention or intentional intervention.
The population served is adolescent females, ages 14-19, all ethnicities and gender diversity.
Research Methods
As a vulnerable at-risk population, adolescents and young adults [transitioning into maturity] choose essential, reputable, futuristic standards of living (Sand, Emaus, & Lian, 2017). As a result, this study explores motives along with barriers to reducing weightiness and managing reasonable body mass in contrast to becoming unhappy with body images (Sand, Emaus, and Lian, 2017), resulting in an observable incentive for modifying everyday personal and natural threats for adolescents’ in this relevant stages of the direction of their lives (Sand, Emaus, and Lian, 2017). In this regard, Sand, Emaus, and Lian (2017) further stressed that there appears to be the necessity for healthy approaches so as to strengthen the individual’s capacity to overcome the environmental challenges in the transition to one level of maturity to another, reported Sand, Emaus,and Lian (2017) in an attempt to end obsessive attitude to food and discontent with body image).
The influence of the curriculum on:
- knowledge about nutrition, body fat, and dieting;
- attitudes about fat people and own body (body esteem);
- behaviors, including attempts at weight reduction, consumption of fruits and vegetables, and exercising, were evaluated in a pre-post controlled experimental design.
There were 222 white public school children who participated in both the pre- and post-testing, 167 of whom were in the classrooms receiving the curriculum. Results indicated that knowledge
Sample
Probability (random) sampling, start with a complete sampling frame of all eligible individuals from which the sample is selected . For this paper, therefore, it will be the population of females experiencing body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders.
Measures
The structured interview will be used with predetermined questions. The process will also include recording data where the participants will be allowed to express their views freely during the interviews, The researcher is a vital part of data collection as he/she captures the feelings and thoughts of the study participants. Combining two or more data collections methods, for instance interviews as well as focus groups (‘data triangulation’) enhances the credibility of the study.
Reliability and Validity
Neumark-Sztainer, 2007 study, emphasizes that among girls, but not boys, frequent family meals along with a positive atmosphere protects against binge eating and extreme weight control behavior and increases these behaviors overtime. Scheduling regular meals might deter eating disorders and dissatisfaction with body image. On the other hand, consistency might reveal associations across different weight-related outcomes and genders.
Because of the large and diverse population in the study, validity is strengthened based on an extensive arrangement and hypothetically-determined collection of socio-environment, behavioral, and personal behavior during major during various phase of adolescence.
Neumark-Sztainer, Wall, Haines, Story, Sherwood, van den Berg (2007) found that successful institutional programs that parents and their adolescents to steer clear discussing weight and dieting or nor permitting fat jokes at home; refrain from buying and reading publications that spotlight losing weight; understand the best features of their body images and keep away and stay away from unhealthy weight-control practices. The researchers, Neumark-Sztainer, Wall, Haines, Story, Sherwood, van den Berg (2007), believe that support for a life-style that is based around healthful eating and physical activity behaviors, and not around weight per se, which, in their opinion, may prove to be more effective in lowering the excessive regularity of obese adolescents, and discouraging disordered eating habits that lead to more frequent obsessions with unwholesome discontent with the body.
Credibility, Transferability, and Dependability
Ethical Considerations
The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Institutes of Health, 1979, specifically the Belmont Report, the following represent a personal enumeration of Ethical considerations which specifically mandates the researcher to protect research participants from harm in any way,
respect the dignity of research participants, Adherence to this principle ensures that people will not be used simply as a
means to achieve research objectives.
- Obtain full consent from the participants prior to the study
- Protect the privacy of research participants
- Ensure adequate level of confidentiality of the research data
- Ensure anonymity of individuals and organizations participating in the research
- Avoid deception or exaggeration about the aims and objectivities of the research
- Declare affiliations in any forms, sources of funding, as well as possible conflicts of interests
- Use honest and unambiguous communication in relation to the research
- Avoid misleading information as well as representing primary data findings in a biased way.
Ethics, professionally, also include other areas of interest such as joint associations between investigators, mentoring relationships, intellectual property, fabrication of data, and plagiarism, among others. Respect for persons requires a commitment to ensuring the autonomy of research participants, and, where autonomy may be diminished, to protect people from exploitation of their vulnerability.
Beneficence requires a commitment to minimizing the risks associated with research, including psychological and social risks, and maximizing the benefits that accrue to research participants.
Researchers must articulate specific ways this will be achieved. Justice requires a commitment to ensuring a fair distribution of the risks and benefits resulting from research. Those who take on the burdens of research participation should share in the benefits of the knowledge gained (people who are expected to benefit from the knowledge should be the ones who are asked to participate). Respect for communities, should be added. Respect for communities “confers on the researcher an obligation to respect the values and interests of the community in research and, wherever possible, to protect the community from harm.
Limitations
Study limitations is contingent upon interpreting the results, with the exception of BMI, based on adolescent reporting which possibly have several deviations in the findings differential psychometric properties of the scales. For instance, body dissatisfaction may be easier to assess in a reliable and valid manner, whereas measurement of perceived pressure to be thin, thin ideal internalization, and dieting is more complicated.
