Architecture was contributed for Athena also means a virgin. Greek mythology, Athena is a justice and wisdom goddess as a Greek protector. This temple total high is 13.72 meter, the base is about 69.5 meters long, wide is about 30 meters long; the length is about 70 meters long and wide is 30 meters long. Between 447 and 438 BCE, built in the highest point of Athens Mountain of the Acropolis in Greek. The background of this temple, in 440 BCE Greek army defeats the invading Persian armies. This war makes Greek has glory and renown.
In this essay, I will discuss the key figure associate, how this piece reflects its cultural, social, historical or political and how this piece is cultural values of its society. First, I want to talk about the Greek architecture background. Greek architecture refers to the Greek mainland and the Peloponnese, the islands of the Aegean Sea, the Greek colonies in Ionia and Magna Graecia. Greek architecture has deep influence Rome architecture.
Let Rome Imperial architecture adopt and corporate with many Greek elements in their architecture. The building demonstrates the range and diversity of Greek architecture. This architecture was reflected in the culture at Greek. The Parthenon is the most important symbol of Greek civilization. These temples built for Athena as Athens protector which also shows Greek religious beliefs. Beside the temple reflects the Greek victory civilization. The Athenians have established a content with classical period and they can claim cultural superiority. The Parthenon not only interest in Classical architecture but also influence modern-day building to use this style. Many architectures use majestic column and symmetrical forms to show culture elegant associated with a Classical past. The Parthenon brings culture refinement to the Greeks from that structure to commemoration monument and this is how Athenians feel great to symbolize in Classical period.
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As Athenian citizens were proud of their cultural identity and conscious their ideal was important in historical. “They think they are civilized among barbarians and that their culture and political achievements will change their civilized people.” Their all accomplishments are systematizing which never has before it is Democracy. Can say that Democracy the Athenian way of thinking and this is a direct democracy system. Most identify architecture is the temple. At Archaic period, they development different type of the column such as Doric, Ionic and Corinthian.
The Parthenon will be the largest Doric Greek temple, although it has innovated with Doric and the Ionic. The temple measured 30.88 m by 69.5 m. This temple embodies an extraordinary number of architectural refinement, which has sculpture appearance to the building. Beside the temple stylobate or floor was not flat, it has little rise at the center. The outer was Doric columns. When peoples went through the door can see it has large wooden with decoration in bronze, ivory, and gold. The column separate in two room. The small one was support by four Ionic column also to be city treasury; the big one was support by Doric column inside has worship sculpture.
Doric Column: A square abacus connects the capital to the entablature. In Greece, the Doric column was placed directly on the pavement or floor without benefit of a base. Examples of Doric columns in the Greek style
Ionic Column: The Ionic columns normally stand on a base which separates the shaft of the column from the stylobate or platform; the cap is usually enriched with egg-and-dart.
Corinthian Column:one of the classical orders of architecture. Its main characteristic is an 3ornate capital carved with stylized acanthus leaves The other key figure is about the statue of Athena in the main cella of the temple. The statue is covered by ivory and gold, inner is made by wooden core.
It shows the Athena majestic while she stands at there. The statue must be awesome and it has it owned richness part. Whatever is at artistically and literally; send a very clear message about wealth and power of the city that can tribute to their patron god. The Parthenon was reflect about their culture and politic. This temple is the most important symbol of Greek civilization. This temples built for Athena as Athens protector which also shows Greek religious beliefs.Beside the hole temple reflects the Greek victory civilization.
The Athenians has establish a content with classical period and they are able to claim cultural superiority. The Parthenon not only interest in Classical architecture but also influence modern day building to use this style. Many architecture uses majestic column and symmetrical forms to show culture elegant associated with a Classical past. The Parthenon brings culture refinement to the Greeks from that structure to commemoration monument and this is how Athenians feel great symbolize in Classical period. As Athenian citizens were proud of their cultural identity and conscious their ideal was important in historical. They think their culture and politic achievement will change the civilized people and this also means at this period developing a system which never have before its Democracy.
Can say that Democracy is what the Athenian way of thinking and this is a direct democratic system. Parthenon represented the ancient Greek architecture, which including proportional design, columns, friezes and pediments.This element makes the architecture unique and own style character.With this kind of design influence now very much. Modern times there are some of design is using the element from Greek, such as the House of Commons entrance of the former Irish Houses of Parliament, it uses Ionic columns, dentil molding, and pediment with high relief sculpture. The other one is the Second Bank of the United States, although it lacks sculpture to decorate but it uses the Doric Column to be the model. The Greek period has many things that influent the society such as architecture, culture and religion. But the main influence is the architecture.
Columns are the popular modern architectural style in modern time. The architrave, frieze and cornice was support by column, this also represent that people have impress aboot the democracy, power and respect.
Bibliography
- NewsParthenon voted the most beautiful building in the world, https://neoskosmos.com/en/ 40762/parthenon-voted-the-most-beautiful-building-in-the-world/
- WebsiteMark Cartwright, https://www.ancient.eu/parthenon/ published on 28 October 2012 Cultural Important of the Parthenon, https://thegreekparthenon.weebly.com/cultural- significance.html
- The Parthenon: Religion, Art, and Politics, https://www.oneonta.edu/faculty/farberas/ arth/arth200/politics/parthenon.html The Glorious Parthenon, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/glorious-parthenon/
- Introduction to Greek architecture, https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient- art-civilizations/greek-art/beginners-guide-greece/a/introduction-to-greek-architecture
