Air pollution has been a major part in China, India and some parts of USA like New Jersey, New York and California, Los Angeles. But, China has the most highest percentage of air pollution than the others. We, together, can change this by the solutions mentioned in my research paper. With regard to the fact that air pollution and emission being caused by vehicle inducing through fuel burning, the best plausible solution turns out to be the latest invention and development of electric cars. This can be done with the help of the company Tesla as it has already enforced the electric car usage into this world.
Liquid hydrogen as a solution for lessening air pollution at airports. With one in eight deaths globally related to air pollution, investing in clean energy solutions is the healthy dose of medicine the world needs to alleviate social and economic burdens on families and national states alike, while powering a sustainable future with clean energy and electric power. This can be implemented by the company SolarCity by using sunlight(solar energy) as the clean energy. The World Health Organisation can assist these companies with financial and overall support with these innovative solution ideas.
Air pollution is a major type of pollution and places like China, Los Angeles, India, etc have been suffering from it since decades. So, hereby are some solutions for this problem and we need take action against it. And, to make this changes we will have to use clean energy to make that difference. In this research paper, we will focus on China and Los Angeles as the main locations which is suffering and has suffered from air pollution before.
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Alex Pavlak says that we can make less emissions of greenhouse gases with the help of engineered systems and also by using natural and clean energy like wind energy and nuclear power (Inexpensive, Clean, Reliable Energy Will Require Engineered Systems). This can help lower down the more polluted particles from forming.
As Ning Hu, in his research paper says that methane gas emissions has been the main cause of air pollution in China because of the vehicles which use natural gas (Large methane emissions from natural gas vehicles in Chinese cities). By this now, we know that the main cause of this terrible thing is the gas produced by the vehicles and also considering the population of this big country, China, which is the most populated country in this world, the rate of emissions of this toxic gas is a lot more than expected. Rocky Mountain Institute works with China to peak carbon emissions early and low, and to follow a clean energy pathway for its large and growing economy.
Now it is possible to go forward and look out as to for how did Los Angeles came out of their air pollution and imply those and our own ideas towards the well being of the population of not only China, but also the whole world. Six in 10 Americans – about 175 million people – are living in places where air pollution often reaches dangerous levels, despite progress in reducing particle pollution, the American Lung Association said in a ‘State of the Air’ report. The New York City metro area tied for 16th on the top 25 list of U.S. cities most polluted by ozone, yet it dropped off the 25 most polluted cities list for year round particle pollution.
The Los Angeles area had the nation’s worst ozone pollution. The report examined fine particulate matter over 24-hour periods and as a year-round average. Bakersfield, Calif., had the worst short-term particle pollution, and the Phoenix Mesa-Scottsdale area of Arizona had the worst year round particle pollution. The report, based on 2006-08 figures, estimated that nearly 30 million people live in areas with chronic levels of pollution, so that even when levels are relatively low, people can be exposed to particles that will increase risks of asthma, lung damage and premature death.
Authors Whittemore, Alice S. Korn , Edward L. enlisted about Asthma and Air Pollution in Los Angeles area. They put forth the terms of asthma, physiological effects of air pollution, asthmatics, photochemical oxidants, air quality, obstructive lung diseases and environmental conditions. These are examined here for the relationship between daily attack occurrence and daily levels of photochemical oxidant. Total suspended particulates, minimum temperature, relative humidity, and average wind speed. A separate multiple logistic regression is used for each panelist attack data. The most significant predictor of attacks was the presence of an attack on the preceding day(Asthma and Air Pollution in the Los Angeles Area).
The air is fouled by emissions from cars, smoke and soot from factories, power plants and forest fires. Some pollutants form acid rain and smog. Ozone, a by-product of burning gasoline and other fuels, is a pollutant at ground level, giving smog its eye-burning, throat-searing qualities. Acid rain is occured due to pollutants such as sulfur dioxide from smokestacks and nitrogen oxides from the burning of coal, oil and gas are formed at ground level and are released into the atmosphere. The pollutants move with normal weather patterns, settling on the earth or combining with water vapor in the clouds and forming acid droplets. The droplets come to earth as rain, snow or fog, polluting lakes, killing fish, contaminating the soil, and perhaps damaging forests.
Finney and Miles M. estimated the effect variation in air quality had on neighborhood population growth in Los Angeles, a period the area experienced severe ozone problems. Regression results indicate that environmental effects substantially redistributed population spatially. Little evidence is found, however, that the demographic effects persist(Air Quality and the Development of Los Angeles).
Farmers, politicians, industry leaders and environmentalists have clashed over how much ethanol can be made, how much land it would take to grow the crops to make it and how much it would cost. They also disagree on the benefits of ethanol in cutting fuel consumption and in fighting pollution, especially global warming gases. Mark Jacobson found that depends on where you live, with ethanol worsening the ozone problem in most urban areas. Based on computer models of pollution and air flow, he predicted that the increase in ozone – and diseases it causes – would be worst in areas where smog is already a serious problem: Los Angeles and the Northeast. Most of those projected 200 deaths would be in Los Angeles, he said. The science behind why ethanol might increase smog is complicated, but according to Jacobson, part of the explanation is that ethanol produces more hydrocarbons than gasoline. And ozone is the product of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxide that are cooking in the sun.
According to Susan McGrath the pollution in aerosols comes from the propellant, the compressed gases that deliver the goods. Two families of chemical compounds generally are used for this purpose: chlorinated compounds called chlorofluorocarbons and volatile organic compounds called hydrocarbons. Carbon dioxide also is used in a small percentage of aerosols, but because it can’t deliver as fine a mist as chlorofluorocarbons and hydrocarbons can, this gas isn’t as useful. Chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, are an old story.
These chemical compounds don’t exist in nature. They were developed in a laboratory and are produced in chemical plants. Released into the air, they slowly drift into the upper atmosphere, where they break down, releasing chlorine atoms that change the chemical makeup of the ozone layer. This naturally occurring layer of gas shields the Earth from much of the sun’s most harmful rays. As the ozone thins, more radiation reaches the Earth, a process that already is causing a huge increase in skin cancer in humans and lower productivity in plants.(Household Environmentalist Propellant Pollution).
National figures for hydrocarbon emissions from consumer aerosol products other than paint are not available. But Southern California, which has horrendous air-pollution problems, has published some findings: In Los Angeles alone, aerosol deodorant and antiperspirant users spray 3.5 tons of hydrocarbons into the air daily. Statewide, Californians spray 27 tons of hydrocarbons from hair spray into the air every day. California has passed regulations requiring manufacturers to cut smog-forming hydrocarbons in aerosols 60 percent(Household Environmentalist Propellant Pollution).
The Clean Air Act was adopted last November to deal with all forms of air pollution, but the new revisions zero in on the personal automobile – the biggest single pollution source. The law will place transportation planning in thrall to new environmental standards on the chemicals that cars belch out as they sputter through the region’s clogged roads. The nine areas of the country with the worst air pollution. The Los Angeles area is classified as an extreme violator of ozone standards, and the other eight are classified as severe violators. In addition, the EPA rates 16 areas as serious violators and 32 areas as moderate violators. These ratings are based on measurements taken by the EPA from 1987 through 1989.
- Los Angeles-Anaheim-Riverside, California
- Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, Texas
- New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island
- Baltimore, Md.
- Chicago-Gary-Lake County, Ill./Ind./Wis.
- San Diego, Calif.
- Philadelphia-Wilmington-Trenton, Pa./N.J./Del.
- Milwaukee-Racine, Wisc.
- Muskegon, Mich.
Janic and Milan propose Liquid Hydrogen as a solution for mitigating air pollution at airports. They pose for sustainability, mitigation through alternative cryogenic fuels and cells. The main inputs for the methodology are scenarios of the long-term growth of air traffic demand at the airport in terms of the annual number of ATM (Air Transport Movements), i.e. flights and related LTO (Landing and Take-Off) cycles and their time characteristics, the aircraft fleet mix, characterized by the aircraft size and proportions of conventional and cryogenic aircraft, the fuel consumption per particular categories of aircraft/flights; and specifically, the fuel consumption and related emission rates of particular air pollutants by these aircraft during LTO cycles.
The output from the methodology includes an estimation of the long-term development of demand at a given airport in terms of the volume and structure of ATM, which depend on: the scenarios of traffic growth and introduction of cryogenic aircraft, the required production and storage capacity of particular fuel types, the fuel consumed, and the quantities of related air pollutants emitted during LTO cycles carried out during the period concerned.
With one in eight deaths globally related to air pollution, investing in clean energy solutions is the healthy dose of medicine the world needs to alleviate social and economic burdens on families and national states alike, while powering a sustainable future with clean energy and electric power, suggests Henri Winand(Air Quality: The Devil You Don’t See).
Pertaining to the fact of air pollution and emission being caused by vehicle inducing through fuel burning, the best plausible solution turns out to be the latest invention and development of electric cars. Software billionaire Michael Cannon-Brookes picked up claim by executive of automaker firm Tesla that the company’s battery division could solve state’s power woes. Cannon-Brookes tweeted Tesla owner Elon Musk asking the seriousness of claim, and solar energy service provider SolarCity is developing technology to produce energy from the sun and how aerospace company SpaceX will put human being on Mars to save humanity from multi-planetary species.
The recent announcement by Shai Agassi, a former SAP executive based in Palo Alto, that he’s raised $200 million for a company that will try to revolutionize the electric car industry is the latest sign of this region’s growing role in one of the hottest sectors of the automotive industry. That’s no surprise, considering California’s mandate for cleaner cars, the enthusiasm there for plug-in hybrids, the Silicon Valley fascination with new technology and the number of Bay Area venture firms investing in this industry.
Agassi, who spent months studying his venture, observes that ‘Detroit is a car manufacturing center. I think what we’re looking at is not something that can be done in a normal way. … It needs an Internet approach, a Google approach.’Among the reasons: the rising cost and possible scarcity of oil, growing worries about pollution and global warming, and developments in technology that will make batteries more affordable. And using the power grid for transportation will be more affordable and more environmentally sound, electric-car proponents argue.
That’s especially true as governments require utilities to get power from renewable sources such as solar, wind, water and geothermal. Agassi has computed the economics of oil – prices are near $100 a barrel – and concluded that electricity is the only answer for future personal transportation. His plan calls for Better Place to partner with carmakers whose products will use the company’s batteries and charging/swap stations. If consumers commit to a long enough contract for power, Agassi argued, they could even get cars for free – just like with mobile phones and service plans.It all makes perfect sense to Stephan Dolezalek, the senior partner who heads VantagePoint Venture Partners’ cleantech portfolio in San Bruno. He’s invested in both Better Place and Tesla.
Work Cited
- Chrisman, Kate. “CLEARING THE AIR IN CHINA: Rocky Mountain Institute Works with China to Peak Carbon Emissions Early and Low, and to Follow a Clean Energy Pathway for Its Large and Growing Economy.” Solutions Journal, vol. 9, no. 1, Summer 2016, pp. 14–20. EBSCOhost, proxy.library.stonybrook.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=130171883&site=eds-live&scope=site.
- Finney, Miles M. “Air Quality and the Development of Los Angeles.” Review of Regional Studies, vol. 47, no. 3, Sept. 2017, pp. 271–288. EBSCOhost, proxy.library.stonybrook.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=129247781&site=ehost-live&scope=site.
- Hu, Ning1, [email protected]., et al. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.06.007. Accessed 25 Oct. 2018.
- Janic, Milan. “Is Liquid Hydrogen a Solution for Mitigating Air Pollution by Airports?” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 35, no. 5, Mar. 2010, pp. 2190–2202. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.12.022.
- Pavlak, Alex. “Inexpensive, Clean, Reliable Energy Will Require Engineered Systems.” Systems Engineering, vol. 18, no. 3, May 2015, pp. 241–252. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1002/sys.21296.
- Whittemore, Alice S., and Edward L. Korn. “Asthma and Air Pollution in the Los Angeles Area.” American Journal of Public Health, vol. 70, no. 7, July 1980, p. 687. EBSCOhost,
- proxy.library.stonybrook.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=4954282&site=ehost-live&scope=site.
- Winand, Henri. “Air Quality: The Devil You Don’t See.” Renewable Energy Focus, vol. 16, no. 5/6, Dec. 2015, pp. 109–110. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1016/j.ref.2015.10.008.
- News Source Articles
- Adam Z Horvath STAFF WRITER,Susan Benkelman. ‘Car Pools Ahead New Clean Air Act Provides for `gun-to-Head’ Plans to Reduce Auto Pollution.’ Newsday, Mar 25, 1991, pp. 05. ProQuest, https://libproxy.cc.stonybrook.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/278331854?accountid=14172.
- Duckett, Adam. “A No Nonsense Go-Getter.” TCE: The Chemical Engineer, no. 910, Apr. 2017, p. 3. EBSCOhost, proxy.library.stonybrook.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=122573678&site=ehost-live&scope=site.
- Nauman, Matt. ‘DRIVING FORCE Silicon Valley could be an Electric Motor City.’ Newsday, Dec 09, 2007. ProQuest, https://libproxy.cc.stonybrook.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/280172786?accountid=1417
- Robert C. ‘AIR Up in the Air Over Ozone, `Greenhouse Effect’.’ Newsday, Apr 22, 1990. ProQuest, https://libproxy.cc.stonybrook.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/278171666?accountid=14172.
- Susan McGrath Los Angeles,Times Syndicate. ‘Household Environmentalist Propellant Pollution; Sidebar: Being Green’ Newsday, Jan 17, 1991, pp. 82. ProQuest, https://libproxy.cc.stonybrook.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/278310026?accountid=14172.
