What is a Disability?

A disability is a lifelong accident, disease, or emotional or physical disorder that continues to impair the way anyone may lead their lives. Disability greatly impacts the aspects of a individual’s life and can be present from conception or arise over the lifespan of an individual.

Disabilities is a paragliding concept which includes impairments, limits of operation and restrictions on involvement. An disability is a deficiency in the operation or form of the body; an behavior limitation is a obstacle that an person faces in the performance of a mission or action; and a lack of involvement is a challenge that an individual feels while participating in life circumstances. Disability is also not just a health problem. It is a complex phenomenon which represents the relationship between the characteristics of a person’s body and the characteristics of the society in which he or she lives.

What is a Learning Disability?

It refers to a number of disorders involving receiving, maintaining, learning, storing or utilizing verbal and nonverbal knowledge. A learning disorder is a condition of neurology that interferes with the capacity of an person to store, process or generate knowledge. Children with learning disabilities may have trouble reading, writing, typing, thinking, remembering and/or storing knowledge that sometimes can not figure things out and do it on its own.

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Like other conditions such as adhd, developmental impairment, deafness, blindness, and personality problems, this cognitive condition is not the same. The cognitive difficulties was not either of these disorders. Children facing The most severe developmental problems include issues in simple reading and language skills. Up to 80 per cent of students with intellectual difficulties had trouble interpreting. Education disorders are mostly performed within communities.

Types of Learning Disabilities

General Learning Disability (GLD)

Children with general learning difficulties have more trouble studying, remembering, and performing stuff than most same-age students. We will go on learning and make improvements throughout their life but at a slower speed than most people. A general learning disorder may be mild, moderate, extreme or deep in degree.

Mild general learning disability

Getting a cognitive disorder means people consider acquiring other life skills more challenging. A language and expression that take longer to improve which implies that anyone with moderate disability progresses at a slower learner than most people. It can take their rhetoric and vocabulary longer to grow. Children with minor disabilities have trouble translating their feelings and ideas into sentences, paying attention in the classroom, creating symbols such as color and even exhibiting a loss of control in motor activity in certain cases.

Moderate General Learning Disability

With simple reading and numeracy and their vocabulary, education, personal and social growth, children with mild general disability have significant difficulties. Such infants demonstrate substantial delays in meeting developmental milestones, such as walking, communicating, reading, writing, etc. Many students with moderate general learning disabilities have difficulty when they learn something they are unable to take the idea of what they learn from one situation to another. They need simple, direct and clear instruction to learn in a classroom. Some children with moderate general learning disabilities can have additional disabilities or conditions, including autistic spectrum disorders, medical conditions, physical and/or sensory disabilities, and emotional/ behavioral difficulties.

Severe/Profound General Learning Disability

Children with severe / deep general learning disorders have significant problems interacting with other adults and the outside world. We demonstrate their simple knowledge and comprehension of themselves, and their level of disability limits the world around them. Some of these kids have underlying disabilities or illnesses, including disorders on the autism spectrum, medical issues, physical and/or sensory difficulties, and emotional / behavioral problems.

Specific Learning Disability

This disability is very distinct from a standard cognitive disorder. Having challenges in a certain aspect of learning such as reading, writing, spelling and arithmetical notation may be classified as children with different learning disorders. Their difficulties are very specific and are not due to other causes such as their general ability being below average, defective sight or hearing, emotional factors or a physical condition. The difficulties experienced by a person can range from mild to severe.

Dyslexia – Difficult to learn to read. This can indicate that the child considers it challenging to learn to read words or comprehend what’s being published.

Dyscalculia – difficulty with numbers. child finds it hard to understand how numbers work or learn to count or add, subtract, multiply and divide.

Dysgraphia – which is a difficulty with writing/spelling. the child finds it difficult to write legibly and may have problems with spelling. it hard to order their thoughts when writing a story or essay.

A learning disability cannot be healed or corrected because it is a permanent condition so it will thrive in school with the correct help for children with learning difficulties and move on to good, frequently esteemed professions in later life.

Characteristics of Children with Special Needs

Special need children have their own strengths and weaknesses according to their disability. Many children have unique chromosomal defects, neuromuscular diseases, or metabolic disorders only read about in medical school. Cognitive or intellectual disorders may also be present.

Students with learning disabilities can have difficulty with long-term memory, remembering information like math facts. They can also have trouble with short-term memory, recalling information recently read or heard. Short-term memory problems contribute to learning disabilities in reading, mathematics, and writing.

ADHD

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder is a common neurodevelopment disorder which is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity associated with poor Long-term outcomes. It typically appears in early childhood, usually before the age of seven.

This kind of children always face emotional problems with themselves and with others, Children who are identified as having ADHD may show this in their behavior.

• Inattention – Forgetful, Easily distracted (does not seem to listen) disorganized, academic underachievement, poor attention to detail.
• Hyperactivity – Excessive fidgetiness. Can’t remain seated, Can’t play quietly, Runs or climbs excessively or talks excessively, always “on the go” – restlessness.
• Impulsivity – Rushing in to things, Careless errors, Risk taking, talking dares, Accidents/ injuries prone, Impatience, Interruptions.

Autism

There is many possible early indicators of autism. A short list of children’s characteristic with autism symptoms is can mention as,

• poor eye contact
• lack of babbling or pointing by age one
• lack of response to name being called
• lack of any single words by 16 months age
• lack of response to name being called
• excessive need for quiet and order
• lack of smiling or responsiveness to others

Characteristics of Autism for toddler-aged children or older include the following:

• weakness in making friends or relating to peers
• lack of ability to engage in conversation
• repetitive actions
• repetitive or strange language patterns
• obsession-like preoccupation with objects or conversational subjects

The above list is by no means comprehensive or authoritative. Since autism is a spectrum, these or other signs of autism may manifest in various degrees. Parents who witness these symptoms in their child are urged to consult the opinion of a health professional for diagnosis.”

Language-Based Learning Disabilities

Language-based learning disability (LBLD) symptoms of difficulties related to the understanding and spoken and written language. This disability common cause of children’s academic struggles because weak language skills impede comprehension and communication, which are the basis for most school activity. Most children with learning problems share some common characteristics. between academic achievement and intellectual abilities in one or more of the areas of oral expression, listening comprehension, written expression, basic reading skills, reading comprehension, mathematical calculation, mathematics reasoning, or spelling. List of some common indicators of learning disabled students mention in below.

• A poor auditory memory—both short term and long term.
• A low tolerance level and a high frustration level.
• A weak or poor self-esteem.
• Easily distractible.
• Finds it difficult, if not impossible, to stay on task for extended periods of time.
• Spontaneous in expression; often cannot control emotions.
• Easily confused.
• Verbally demanding.
• Some difficulty in working with others in small or large group settings.
• Difficult in follow complicated directions or remembering directions for extended periods of time.
• Has coordination problems with both large and small muscle groups.
• Has inflexibility of thought; is difficult to persuade otherwise.
• Has poor handwriting skills.
• Has a poor concept of time.

Students Who Have Higher Ability

Students of high ability called as gifted child and they are present a unique challenge to teachers. Usually they are often the first ones done with an assignment or those who continually ask for more creative and interesting work. They need extra activities and projects that offer a creative curriculum within the framework of the regular classroom program.

Characteristics of Gifted Child

Part of the learning disabled children, giftedness usually means a combination of factors in varying degrees and amounts. A gifted child has,

• A high level of curiosity.
• A well-developed imagination.
• Often gives uncommon responses to common queries.
• Can remember and retain a great deal of information.
• Can not only pose original solutions to common problems but can also pose original problems, too.
• The ability to concentrate on a problem or issue for extended periods of time.
• Capable of comprehending complex concepts.
• Well organized.
• Excited about learning new facts and concepts.
• Often an independent learner.

Issues Involved in Special Education

When parents, teachers and schools fail to provide enough support for special need child, the social, emotional and behavioral challenges that often come along with learning and attention issues can lead to serious Result.

Insufficient Support from the School

Some children are struggling in classroom to stay and concentrate the lessons and do the activities. Because the disability is affecting that child’s educational performance. If so, need to provide special education and related services that can help them. Some children with learning disability sometimes don’t feel a sense of safety or belonging, they are less likely to attend school and are more likely to engage in negative behavior. These negative emotions can increase academic struggles, and school climate can also be a significant factor. Five most common issues with special need children can mention as below:

• Lack of appropriate instruction or being taught in a way that doesn’t enable a student to learn.
• Low expectations for student success
• Student behavior such as chronic absenteeism
• Family issues such as lack of parent involvement and limited access to medical and
• Community stressors such as high crime and lack of support for school activities

Behavioral Issues of children with Learning Disability

A child’s learning disability may result in an emotional battering that impacts their everyday interactions with teachers and peers at school, with parents at home, and others in the community.
Warning signs of learning disabilities include:

• Bullying peers.
• Not wanting to go to school.
• Saying derogatory comments about his/her own abilities such as, “I’m stupid. I give up. I Avoiding doing homework
• Saying the work is too difficult.
• Blaming the teacher for bad grades.
• Not wanting to show parents homework.
• Refusing to do an in-class assignment or task.
• Exhibiting physical ailments
• Refusing to follow classroom rules in order to be removed from the classroom and avoid doing work.
• Refusing to communicate to avoid confrontation:
• Skipping class.

References

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